Russian hangar design group physiologist Ivan Pavlov (Pavlov) is now recognized to any person because of his dogs, which taught the link between hangar design group food appears bell. Famous experiment, Pavlov - noticed that the dogs drooling when given food - food for his dogs presented with bell. Finally - after a few repetitions hangar design group - bell alone, without the filing of the food, causing the dogs to salivate hangar design group in anticipation of food. Research, published in 2008 in the journal Science, shows that bacteria are able to learn a similar behavior. Bacteria that are able to learn to connect any signal future event can respond to the event in advance, even before it happens, and gain an edge over other organisms are unable to do so, and only adapt to the conditions prevailing in practice. To check for bacterial seemingly simple system can indeed develop such complex reactions, the researchers, led by Said Tbazoi (Tavazoie) Lewis-Sigler Institute multidisciplinary Genomics at Princeton University in New Jersey, have developed a computer model called EVE (Evolution in Variable Environment). In this model, virtual bacteria have evolved in a virtual environment variable. Virtual bacteria produced more "energy" - and gained an advantage over other bacteria - if you were able to "learn" the connection between certain signals, prior to the appearance of food, and the appearance of the food. The model showed that even when the relationship between hangar design group the signals and the appearance of the food was very complex, developed a virtual microbial populations that can respond to this link.
After the computer hangar design group model showed that indeed bacteria are able to develop the ability to view events in advance, hangar design group contact the researchers bacterium Escherichia coli to see if the actual bacteria capable of learning. We hypothesized that since the ambient temperature of the E. coli comes up when he finds himself pharyngeal person - for example on meatloaf or pita with hummus - before they pass oxygen-free environment in the digestive tract, the bacteria can, if he indeed was capable of learning, use temperature rise as a sign of impending change the level of oxygen. Indeed, when raised hangar design group the ambient hangar design group temperature of the bacteria E. coli grown in petri dishes, they changed their metabolism so that will be tailored to the environment Anaerobic organism, even when not transferred oxygen-free environment. hangar design group
To check for bacteria reaction temperature actually stems In studying the relationship between temperature rise and the drop in available oxygen, the researchers examined whether it is possible to cause the bacteria react differently. In other words, can destroy the relationship they have learned. Tbazoi and colleagues E. coli bacteria were grown in an environment where the relationship between the changes in temperature and oxygen level is reversed to the natural state in which bacterial hangar design group growth. In this environment, hangar design group the researchers trained the bacteria that the oxygen level rises after a rise in temperature, hangar design group and not vice versa. Soon, after less than a hundred generations, winnowed bacteria have learned not to apply the appropriate responses to the environment Anaerobic organism following a rise in temperature, that is, they have learned to break the link and "expected" further reduction in the level of oxygen.
Until this study it was thought that bacteria simply hangar design group react to actually existing environmental stimuli, like trembling we experience hangar design group following the cold. Now, however, it seems that even bacteria are able to respond to signals from the environment in a complex, which enables them to predict what will happen next and prepare accordingly - Like, for example, our ability to decide to take an umbrella because outside cloudy.
Tbazoi stresses that the bacteria, of course, do not learn the same way as a dog, or a person, learn. Learning and the ability to connect any signal future event occurs in man and dog during the life of the individual, while changes in the nerve cells in the brain wiring. Bacteria, learning hangar design group takes place through the ages, following hangar design group the evolutionary selection, while changes in the connections between networks hangar design group of different genes.
Based on the research results, indicating the ability of bacteria to predict events, one can try to understand the behavior of different pathogenic bacteria, that may use environmental cues to start preventive response that protects them from the immune system or antibiotics. With in-depth understanding of the learning ability of the bacteria, we can learn to watch their behavior and fight them more easily or to use them more effectively. Read more
Weizmann Institute Magazine, "bacteria are able to detect future changes - and get ready for them," the site "Hayadan". Want to get an update into the box with the publication of the next record? Subscribe to blog at the top right, hangar design group under the heading "Register for Updates"; Or follow on Twitter: FollowScPhile
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